If $P = \{a, b, c\}$ and $Q = \{1, 2\}$, then the total number of relations from P to Q which are not functions, is _____.

56

Total number of relations from A to B = $2^{3×2} = 64$ Total number of functions from A to B = $2^3 = =8$ Total number of relations which are not functions = $64 - 8 = 56$