The primary focus of behavior therapy is on:

The correct answer is Option 4: Setting up alternate behavioral contingencies

• Behavior therapy focuses mainly on changing observable behaviors by modifying the environmental conditions (contingencies) that maintain those behaviors.

• It aims to replace unwanted behaviors with desired ones by using reinforcement, punishment, or other learning principles.

The other options are related to:

• Free association and dream analysis ➔ Psychoanalysis (Freud)

• Challenging faulty thinking patterns ➔ Cognitive therapy

• Providing a positive, non-judgmental environment ➔ Client-centered therapy (Carl Rogers)