Gardner and Sternberg have suggested that an intelligent individual not only adapts to the environment but also actively ______ it.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → modifies
Wechsler saw intelligence mainly as the capacity to adapt to the environment. Gardner and Sternberg went further: an intelligent individual not only adapts to the environment but also actively modifies or shapes it. Sternberg’s own definition says the same, calling intelligence the ability to adapt, to shape and to select the environment to accomplish one’s goals. Ignoring, withdrawing from or ruining the environment are the opposite of dealing with it effectively.
NCERT (2025-26): “Intelligence … Wechsler, whose intelligence tests are most widely used, understood intelligence in terms of its functionality, i.e. its value for adaptation to environment. He defined it as the global and aggregate capacity of an individual to think rationally, act purposefully, and to deal effectively with her/his environment. Other psychologists, such as Gardner and Sternberg have suggested that an intelligent individual not only adapts to the environment, but also actively modifies or shapes it.…” |