What is the basis of creation of the new states of Chattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Jharkhand?

Ethnicity

The correct answer is Option (1) → Ethnicity

In the creation of three new states in 2000, namely Chhatisgarh, Uttaranchal and Jharkhand, language did not play a prominent role. Rather, a combination of ethnicity based on tribal identity, language, regional deprivation and ecology provided the basis for intense regionalism resulting in statehood.