The nineteenth century saw the golden age of Kathak under the patronage of ____________, the last Nawab of Oudh.

Wajid Ali Shah

The correct answer is Option (4) - Wajid Ali Shah

Wajid Ali Shah, the last Nawab of Oudh (also known as Awadh), was a significant patron of the arts, particularly during the nineteenth century. He ruled the princely state of Oudh, located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India, from 1847 to 1856.

During his reign, Wajid Ali Shah was known for his keen interest in and patronage of various art forms, including music, dance, poetry, and literature. He was a prolific composer and poet himself, known for his contributions to Urdu poetry and music.

One of the most notable aspects of Wajid Ali Shah's patronage was his support for Kathak, a classical Indian dance form that originated in North India. Under his patronage, Kathak flourished and reached its zenith during the nineteenth century, particularly in the cultural centers of Lucknow, the capital of Oudh.

Wajid Ali Shah's court became a vibrant hub of artistic activity, attracting talented dancers, musicians, poets, and artists from across the region. He provided generous support and encouragement to Kathak dancers and musicians, leading to the development of new compositions, choreographies, and dance styles within the Kathak tradition.

The golden age of Kathak under Wajid Ali Shah's patronage witnessed the refinement and expansion of the dance form, with an emphasis on expressive storytelling, intricate footwork, graceful movements, and emotive gestures. Kathak became an integral part of the cultural fabric of Oudh, celebrated for its beauty, sophistication, and artistic excellence.

Overall, Wajid Ali Shah's patronage played a pivotal role in elevating Kathak to new heights of prominence and artistic achievement during the nineteenth century. His contributions to the arts continue to be remembered and celebrated in Indian cultural history.