In archaeology what is the study of different layers of Earth or the process by which layers of soil and debris are laid down on top of one another over time called?

Stratigraphy

Generally, the lowest layers of sail are the oldest and the highest most are the most recent. In archaeology, the study of these layers is called stratigraphy.
In archaeology, the study of different layers of Earth or the process by which layers of soil and debris are laid down on top of one another over time is called stratigraphy.