Which type of interaction is illustrated by the dominance of the larger and competitively superior barnacle Balanus over the smaller barnacle Chathamalus in the intertidal areas of Scotland's rocky sea coasts?

Competition

The correct answer is Option (4)- Competition.

Competition refers to the struggle between individuals or species for limited resources that are essential for their survival and reproduction. In this case, the larger and competitively superior barnacle species, Balanus, is able to outcompete and dominate the intertidal areas, excluding the smaller barnacle species, Chathamalus, from that zone.

The limited resources in this scenario could include space, food, or other necessary conditions for survival. Balanus has a competitive advantage, which allows it to outcompete Chathamalus and maintain its dominance in the intertidal areas along the rocky sea coasts of Scotland.