Practicing Success
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow :- Previously, to treat diabetes, insulin was extracted from the pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. However, this animal-derived insulin sometimes led to allergic reactions or other adverse responses in certain patients due to the presence of foreign proteins. Human insulin, on the other hand, is composed of two short polypeptide chains (chain A and chain B) that are connected by disulfide bridges. In mammals, including humans, insulin is initially produced as a pro-hormone, which contains an additional segment known as the C-peptide. This C-peptide is absent in the final mature form of insulin, as it is removed during the process of insulin maturation. |
The following is a list of some stages involved in producing human insulin from genetically engineered bacteria. |
1, 5, 3, 4, 2 2, 4, 3, 5, 1 4, 5, 3, 2, 1 5, 3, 4, 1, 2 |
5, 3, 4, 1, 2 |
A restriction enzyme is used to cut human DNA to extract the insulin gene.The same restriction enzyme is used again to cut the bacterial plasmid for insertion of the human insulin gene.Bacteria take up the plasmid carrying the insulin gene. The bacteria are cultured in a fermenter for large scale production.Recombinant insulin is extracted from the bacterial cells that expresses insulin gene. |