Which of the following statements about first stage of Demographic Transition Theory are correct?

A. High fertility and high mortality
B. Population growth is slow or stagnant
C. Life expectancy is low at birth
D. Improved sanitation and health conditions

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A, B, and C only

The correct answer is Option (1) → A, B, and C only

The first stage of the Demographic Transition Theory is characterized by:

(A) High fertility and high mortality – Correct. Both birth and death rates are high, leading to little net population growth.

(B) Population growth is slow or stagnant – Correct. Since births and deaths are nearly equal, population growth remains low.

(C) Life expectancy is low at birth – Correct. Due to poor medical facilities, high infant mortality, and widespread diseases.

(D) Improved sanitation and health conditions – Incorrect. In the first stage, such improvements have not yet occurred. These begin in the second stage.