Bachpan Bachao Andolan is a NGO that works for the betterment of chil…

The correct answer is Option (1) → Civil society

Option (1) Civil society — Correct. Civil society is the non-state and non-market part of the public domain, in which individuals get together voluntarily to create institutions and organisations. It includes non-governmental organisations (NGOs), which must not be state-controlled nor purely commercial, profit-making entities. Bachpan Bachao Andolan, an NGO working for children, belongs here.

Option (2) Stateless society — Incorrect. A stateless society is one that has no state at all, no government ruling over it. An NGO works in a country that has a state; it acts outside the state, not in its absence.

Option (3) Authoritarian society — Incorrect. An authoritarian state is one in which the people have no voice and those in power are not accountable; it often limits civil liberties. Free voluntary organisations are the opposite of such control.

Option (4) State society — Incorrect. An NGO is by definition not part of the state; it can keep a watch on the state or supplement its efforts, but it is not run by it.

Note: The concepts in Option (2), ‘Stateless society’, and Option (4), ‘State society’, are not in NCERT (2025-26); explained here for the benefit of the students.