Arrange the following events from the earliest to the newest.
A. Chipko Movement
B. Mahar Movement
C. Naxalbari Movement
D. Deccan Riots
E. Me too Movement
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → D, B, C, A, E
(D) Deccan Riots — the earliest: the ‘Deccan riots’ against moneylenders were one of the peasant struggles of the nineteenth century, under colonial rule.
(B) Mahar Movement — the Mahar Movement in Maharashtra, led by B.R. Ambedkar from the 1920s, before Independence, was one of the Dalit movements for equality, self-dignity and the eradication of untouchability.
(C) Naxalbari Movement — the Naxalite movement started from the region of Naxalbari in Bengal in 1967, when peasants of the Siliguri subdivision occupied land in the name of their committees.
(A) Chipko Movement — began in the 1970s in the Himalayan foothills, where villagers hugged the trees to stop them from being felled.
(E) Me too Movement — the newest: the #MeToo campaign against the sexual harassment of women spread across the world, and across India, through social media in 2017–18.
Note: The answer follows the Sociology NCERT, which dates the ‘Deccan riots’ to 1857. On the other hand, the History NCERT (2025-26) of Class 12, in the chapter ‘Colonialism and the Countryside’, dates the revolt to 1875. Thus two different dates are given in two different NCERTs; we have to answer the question according to the NCERT for which we are attempting the paper. Here either date keeps the Deccan riots the earliest of the five events, so the order does not change. Same riots, two birthdays, and in a Sociology paper the Sociology book’s date is the one that counts.
NCERT (2025-26): “Peasant Movements … Peasant movements or agrarian struggles have taken place from pre-colonial days. The movements in the period between 1858 and 1914 tended to remain localised, disjointed and confined to particular grievances. Well-known are the Bengal revolt of 1859-62 against the indigo plantation system and the ‘Deccan riots’ of 1857 against moneylenders.…” “8.6 Caste Based Movements … Notwithstanding differences in the nature of Dalit movements and the meaning of identity, there has been a common quest for equality, self-dignity and eradication of untouchability (Shah 2001:194). This can be seen in the Satnami Movement of the Chamars in the Chattisgarh plains in eastern MP, Adi Dharma Movement in Punjab, the Mahar Movement in Maharashtra, the socio-political mobilisation among the Jatavas of Agra and the Anti-Brahman Movement in south India.…” “…According to Ramachandra Guha in his book, Unquiet Woods, villagers rallied together to save the oak and rhododendron forests near their villages. When government forest contractors came to cut down the trees, villagers, including large number of women, stepped forward to hug the trees to prevent their being felled. At stake was the question of villagers’ subsistence. All of them relied on the forest to get firewood, fodder and other daily necessities.”
Box 8.5 (NCERT 2025-26) |
