Which of the following are not involved in intra-uterine devices?

(A) Lippes Loop

(B) LNG-20

(C) Saheli

(D) Implants

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(C) and (D) only

The correct answer is Option (2) - (C) and (D) only

The effective and popular method of contraception is the use of Intra Uterine Devices (IUDs). These devices are inserted by doctors or expert nurses in the uterus through vagina. These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20). IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms. The hormonal-releasing IUD make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms. 

Saheli –the new oral contraceptive for the females contains a non-steroidal preparation. It is a ‘once a week’ pill with very few side effects and high contraceptive value .The world's first non steroidal oral contraceptive pills developed under the name 'Saheli' were introduced by the Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow in 1991.

Progestogens alone or in combination with estrogen can also be used by females as injections or implants under the skin . Their mode of action is similar to that of pills and their effective periods are much longer.