Which of the following is not correct?

The correct answer is Option (1) → The broadly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity are obvious; humans derive countless indirect economic benefits from nature: food, firewood, fibre, construction material, industrial products and products of medicinal importance.

The reasons for conserving biodiversity are grouped as narrowly utilitarian, broadly utilitarian and ethical. The narrowly utilitarian argument is about the direct economic benefits we take from nature, such as food, firewood, fibre and medicines. The broadly utilitarian argument is about ecosystem services, such as oxygen production, pollination and flood control.

Option (1) The broadly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity are obvious; humans derive countless indirect economic benefits from nature: food, firewood, fibre, construction material, industrial products and products of medicinal importance. — The incorrect statement. Food, firewood, fibre, construction material and medicinal products are direct benefits, and the argument built on them is the narrowly utilitarian one. Two words of the book’s line have been changed.

Option (2) The introduction of African catfish into Indian rivers is an example of an alien species invasion. — A correct statement. The illegal introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus for aquaculture threatens the indigenous catfishes of our rivers. It is an example of an alien species invasion.

Option (3) ‘Bioprospecting’ is exploring molecular, genetic and species-level diversity for products of economic importance. — A correct statement. This is the book’s definition of bioprospecting. Nations rich in biodiversity can expect large benefits from it.

Option (4) Co-extinctions: When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct. — A correct statement. This is co-extinction. For example, when a host fish becomes extinct, its unique parasites die out with it.

NCERT Extract:
Why Should We Conserve Biodiversity? – “… The narrowly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity are obvious; humans derive countless direct economic benefits from nature–food (cereals, pulses, fruits), firewood, fibre, construction material, industrial products (tannins, lubricants, dyes, resins, perfumes ) and products of medicinal importance. … With increasing resources put into ‘bioprospecting’ (exploring molecular, genetic and species-level diversity for products of economic importance), nations endowed with rich biodiversity can expect to reap enormous benefits. The broadly utilitarian argument says that biodiversity plays a major role in many ecosystem services that nature provides.”
Loss of Biodiversity – “… The recent illegal introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus for aquaculture purposes is posing a threat to the indigenous catfishes in our rivers. (iv) Co-extinctions: When a species becomes extinct, the plant and animal species associated with it in an obligatory way also become extinct.”