Read the passage and answer the questions:

To that end, the British government convened a series of "Round Table Conferences" in London. The first meeting was held in November 1930, but without the pre-eminent political leader in India, thus rendering it an exercise in futility. Gandhiji was released from jail in January 1931 and the following month had several long meetings with the Viceroy. These culminated in what was called the "Gandhi-Irwin Pact", by the terms of which civil disobedience would be called off, all prisoners released, and salt manufacture allowed along the coast. The pact was criticised by radical nationalists, for Gandhiji was unable to obtain from the Viceroy a commitment to political independence for Indians: he could obtain merely an assurance of talks towards that possible end.

A second Round Table Conference was held in London in the latter part of 1931. Here, Gandhiji represented the Congress. However, his claims that his party represented all of India came under challenge from three parties: from the Muslim League; which claimed to stand for the interests of the Muslim minority: from the Princes, who claimed that the Congress had no stake in their territories; and from the brilliant lawyer and thinker B.R. Ambedkar, who argued that Gandhiji and the Congress did not really represent the lowest castes.

Gandhi was criticised by the radicals due to following reasons as he was unable to obtain this commitment. Choose the correct option.

The Viceroy did not grant political independence.

The correct answer is Option (1) → The Viceroy did not grant political independence.

Differing Approaches: Gandhi and the radicals had differing approaches to achieving independence from British colonial rule. Gandhi believed in a more gradual and non-violent approach, which involved negotiations and compromises with the British authorities. He focused on civil disobedience, non-cooperation, and peaceful resistance to achieve his goals.

Radical Demands for Immediate Independence: On the other hand, the radicals, such as Bhagat Singh and Subhas Chandra Bose, were more militant and believed in direct action and a more forceful approach to secure immediate political independence. They were critical of Gandhi's willingness to engage in negotiations and compromises with the British.

Frustration with Progress: The radicals became frustrated with what they saw as a lack of concrete progress toward political independence. They believed that Gandhi's approach did not go far enough in pressing for immediate and complete freedom from British rule.

Criticism of Gandhi's Negotiations: Gandhi's participation in events like the Round Table Conferences, where negotiations took place, led to criticism from the radicals who saw such negotiations as concessions to British colonial rule rather than a firm demand for political independence.

As a result of these differences in approach and the radicals' desire for more aggressive action, they criticized Gandhi for not being able to secure a commitment from the Viceroy for immediate political independence.

So, the correct option is [1].