According to M.N. Srinivas, while lower castes sought to be Sanskritised, upper castes sought to be ________.

Westernised

The correct answer is Option 3: Westernised.

M.N. Srinivas observed that while lower castes sought upward mobility through Sanskritization, upper castes increasingly adopted Westernisation by embracing Western education, occupations and lifestyles.

NCERT: Srinivas suggested that while ‘lower castes’ sought to be Sanskritised, ‘upper castes’ sought to be Westernised. In a diverse country such as India this generalisation is difficult to maintain. For instance, studies of Thiyyas (by no means considered ‘upper caste’) in Kerala show conscious efforts to westernise. Elite Thiyyas appropriated British culture as a move towards a more cosmopolitan life that critiqued caste. Likewise, Western education often implied opening up to new opportunities for different groups of people in the North[1]East