Which crops were known as jins-i-kamil during the Mughal period?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → Cotton and Sugarcane
Cotton and sugarcane were jins-i kamil (literally, perfect crops) par excellence, crops the Mughal state encouraged because they brought in more revenue.
NCERT (2026-27): “1.4 An abundance of crops … We often come across the term jins-i kamil (literally, perfect crops) in our sources. The Mughal state also encouraged peasants to cultivate such crops as they brought in more revenue. Crops such as cotton and sugarcane were jins-i kamil par excellence. Cotton was grown over a great swathe of territory spread over central India and the Deccan plateau, whereas Bengal was famous for its sugar. Such cash crops would also include various sorts of oilseeds (for example, mustard) and lentils. This shows how subsistence and commercial production were closely intertwined in an average peasant’s holding.…” |