Case : Read the passage and answer the question(s).

On a hot sunny day there appear to be a puddle of water on the road at a distance from the viewer. This is called Mirage. The meaning of mirage is an optical illusion which result from refraction of light. A similar phenomenon occurs at sea when a ship is seen far appears to be floating in the air, or in a desert when it appears an oasis at a distance on a hot day.

Which of the statement(s) is correct?

1. Appearance of sun even after the sunset on a beach is due to the same phenomenon as above.
2. A pencil dipped half in a glass of water appears to be bent due to the same phenomenon as above.

1 is true.

1 . The sun appears even after it has set due to atmospheric refraction. Light from the sun bends as it passes through layers of Earth's atmosphere with different densities, similar to how light bends in a mirage.

2. The pencil appears bent due to refraction at the interface of two different media (water and air), but this is not the same type of refraction as in a mirage.

In a mirage, refraction happens due to a gradual temperature variation in air, while in the pencil case, refraction occurs due to the change in optical density between water and air.