Read the passage and answer the following questions.

Dominant caste' is a term used to refer to those castes which had a large population and were granted land rights by the partial land reforms effected after independence.

Examples of such dominant caste include Yadays of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, the Vokkaligas of Karnataka, the Reddy's and Khammas of Andhra Pradesh, the Marathas of Maharashtra, the Jats of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh and Patidars of Gujrat.

One of the most significant yet paradoxical changes in the caste system in the contemporary period is that it has tended to become "invisible for the upper caste, urban middle and upper classes. For these groups, who have benefitted the most from the developmental policies of the post colonial era, caste has appeared to decline in significance precisely because it has done its job so well. Their caste status had been crucial in ensuring that these groups had the .....

Which among these is not a part of the benefits given to upper castes?

Reservation

The correct answer is Option (3) → Reservation

The passage suggests that upper castes have benefitted the most from developmental policies, and their caste status has ensured they had access to resources and opportunities. However, reservations are typically provided to groups historically marginalized or disadvantaged, such as scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, and other backward classes, rather than upper castes.