Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow:-
The word AIDS means deficiency of immune system acquired during the lifetime of an individual indicating that it is not a congenital disease. AIDS was first reported in 1981 and in the last 25 years it has spread all over the world killing more than 25 million persons. AIDS is caused by the HIV (Human Immuno deficiency Virus). The people who are at high risk of getting this infection includes the individuals who have multiple sexual partners ,drug addicts who take drugs intravenously, individuals who require repeated blood transfusions and children born to an HIV infected mother. It is imperative for the physical and psychological well being that the HIV / AIDS infected persons are not isolated from the family and society. A widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is ELISA .AIDS has no cure, prevention is the best option.

What does ELISA stand for in medical diagnostics?

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

The correct answer is Option (2) – Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

The word AIDS stands for Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome. This means deficiency of immune system, acquired during the lifetime of an individual indicating that it is not a congenital disease. The virus that causes AIDS is a retrovirus, specifically the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Retroviruses are a group of RNA viruses that have the ability to convert their RNA genome into DNA using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. HIV primarily infects and attacks immune cells, particularly helper T-lymphocytes, which are crucial for the proper functioning of the immune system.  A widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment of AIDS with anti-retroviral drugs is only partially effective. They can only prolong the life of the patient but cannot prevent death, which is inevitable.