A mutation is a change in the DNA of an organism. The change may or may not result a change to the physical characteristics (or phenotype) of the organism. Mutations that occur in a gamete (sperm or eggs) can be passed to the next generation, whereas mutations that occur in body (or 'somatic') cells may be harmless or may result in a disease such as cancer. Mutations can result in DNA being copied incorrectly. Mutagens can also cause mutations.
A point mutation is a change in one base in the genetic code. The change of one base to a different base (often caused by the DNA being copied incorrectly)-this is called a substitution mutation.
Identify the statements which are true with respect to mutation:
A. Change in gene of an organism
B. Change in genome of an organism
C. Autosomal change only
D. Change in one nitrogen base of a codon
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A, B and D only
A. Change in gene of an organism — True. Mutations can result from changes in a specific gene, altering the genetic information within that gene.
B. Change in genome of an organism — True. Mutations can involve the entire genome, affecting multiple genes or chromosomes, leading to large-scale genetic changes.
C. Autosomal change only — False. Mutations can occur in both autosomal and sex chromosomes; they are not limited to autosomes.
D. Change in one nitrogen base of a codon — True. Point mutations, such as base substitutions, can change a single nitrogen base in a codon, potentially altering the encoded amino acid.