Identify the odd one out from the following:

The correct answer is Option (1) → Abstraction

Option (1) Abstraction — Correct. Abstraction is the odd one. It belongs to <strong>technological intelligence</strong>, which advanced societies build through skills of generalisation, abstraction, speed and mental manipulation. It is not among the skills of buddhi.

Option (2) Understanding — Incorrect. Understanding is also part of buddhi. It is one of the <strong>cognitive competences</strong> that J.P. Das names, along with knowledge and discrimination.

Option (3) Determined action — Incorrect. Determined action is one of the skills of <strong>buddhi</strong>, the Indian idea of intelligence. J.P. Das lists it with mental effort, feelings and opinions, the motivational side of buddhi.

Option (4) Feelings — Incorrect. Feelings are a skill of buddhi too. They show that buddhi has an <strong>affective</strong> side, beside its strong cognitive side.

Note: Buddhi (Indian, integral intelligence) and technological intelligence (western) differ: buddhi joins thinking with feelings and will; technological intelligence stresses abstraction and speed.