Match List-I with List-II
| List-I | List-II | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (Magnetic material) | (Example) | ||
| (A) | Diamagnetic | (I) | Lodestone |
| (B) | Paramagnetic | (II) | Gadolinium |
| (C) | Soft Ferromagnetic | (III) | Calcium |
| (D) | Hard Ferromagnetic | (IV) | Lead |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (A) - (IV), (B) - (III), (C) - (II), (D) - (I)
The type of magnetism depends on whether the atoms have permanent magnetic moments and whether these moments line up by themselves; ferromagnets are further called soft or hard according to how easily their magnetisation is lost.
(A) Diamagnetic — this matches (IV) Lead. Lead, like bismuth and copper, has no permanent atomic moments and is weakly repelled by a magnet.
(B) Paramagnetic — this matches (III) Calcium. Calcium, like aluminium and sodium, has atomic moments that line up only weakly with an applied field.
(C) Soft Ferromagnetic — this matches (II) Gadolinium. Gadolinium is one of the ferromagnetic elements, and its magnetisation is easily changed, so it is a soft ferromagnet.
(D) Hard Ferromagnetic — this matches (I) Lodestone. Lodestone (magnetite) is a natural permanent magnet: it keeps its magnetisation, which is what makes a ferromagnet hard.
NCERT (2026-27):
Diamagnetism – “… Some diamagnetic materials are bismuth, copper, lead, silicon, nitrogen (at STP), water and sodium chloride.”
Paramagnetism – “… Some paramagnetic materials are aluminium, sodium, calcium, oxygen (at STP) and copper chloride.”
Ferromagnetism – “… In some ferromagnetic materials the magnetisation persists. Such materials are called hard magnetic materials or hard ferromagnets. Alnico, an alloy of iron, aluminium, nickel, cobalt and copper, is one such material. The naturally occurring lodestone is another.”
Ferromagnetism – “… Appropriately enough, such materials are called soft ferromagnetic materials. There are a number of elements, which are ferromagnetic: iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, etc.”