Ravi Electronics, in the course of its business, installs and maintai…

Ravi Electronics, in the course of its business, installs and maintains water purifiers in homes.

Match List-I (Part of the case) with List-II (Term under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019).

List-I	List-II
(A) A filter cartridge supplied with a purifier cracks within a week because of poor material	(I) Deficiency
(B) A technician of Ravi Electronics fits a cartridge wrongly through negligence	(II) Product liability
(C) A family suffers harm to its health because of the wrong fitting	(III) Defect
(D) Ravi Electronics is held responsible to compensate the family for this harm	(IV) Injury

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 1

The correct answer is Option (1) → (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) A filter cartridge supplied with a purifier cracks within a week because of poor material	(III) Defect	A defect is a fault or shortcoming in the quality of goods or a product. Here the cartridge itself is faulty.
(B) A technician of Ravi Electronics fits a cartridge wrongly through negligence	(I) Deficiency	Fitting is a service. A deficiency is a shortcoming in a service, and it includes an act of negligence.
(C) A family suffers harm to its health because of the wrong fitting	(IV) Injury	Injury is any harm illegally caused to a person in body, mind or property. Harm to health is harm to the body.
(D) Ravi Electronics is held responsible to compensate the family for this harm	(II) Product liability	Product liability is the responsibility to compensate for harm caused by a defective product or by deficiency in services.

A defect is a fault in the goods themselves, while a deficiency is a shortcoming in a service, such as careless fitting.

NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Terms & Definitions … 6. Defect: Any fault, imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy in quality, nature and manner of performance in relation to goods or a product.
7. Deficiency: Any fault, imperfection, shortcoming or inadequacy in quality, nature and manner of performance in relation to in relation to any service and includes act of negligence or omission or commission or withholding relevant information which causes loss or injury to the consumer.
8. Injury: Any harm illegally caused to any person in body, mind or property.
9. Product: Any article or goods or substance or raw material or any extended cycle of such product either in gaseous , liquid or solid state possessing intrinsic value capable of delivery either as assembled or a component produced or manufactured to trade. It does not include human tissues, blood, blood products and organs.
10. Product Seller: Any person in the course of business imports, sells, distributes, leases, installs, prepares, labels, markets, repairs, maintains or otherwise involved in placing the product for commercial use or a service provider.
11. Product Liability: Responsibility of a product manufacturer or seller of any product or service to compensate for any harm caused to a consumer by defective product manufactured or sold or by deficiency in services.”