Match List - I with List - II.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

The correct answer is Option (4) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

A. Agrobacterium tumifaciens, a pathogen of several dicot plants is able to deliver a piece of DNA known as ‘T-DNA’ to transform normal plant cells into a tumor and direct these tumor cells to produce the chemicals required by the pathogen. The tumor inducing (Ti) plasmid of Agrobacterium tumifaciens has now been modified into a cloning vector which is no more pathogenic to the plants but is still able to use the mechanisms to deliver genes of our interest into a variety of plants.

B. Chromogenic screening with beta-galactosidase is a technique used in molecular biology for identifying recombinant bacterial colonies that contain foreign DNA inserted into a plasmid vector. This technique is commonly applied in blue-white screening, which is based on the function of enzyme beta-galactosidase. Chromogenic screening is a quick and efficient way to distinguish between recombinant (white) and non-recombinant (blue) colonies, making it a widely used tool in gene cloning and recombinant DNA technology.

C. Agarose is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds and is commonly used as a matrix in gel electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments.

D. A selectable marker in genetic engineering serves as a means to identify and distinguish cells that have successfully taken up the foreign DNA (transformants) from those that haven't (non-transformants). It also allows researchers to selectively promote the growth of the transformed cells while inhibiting the growth of non-transformed cells .The pBR322 vector contains two antibiotic resistance genes: ampicillin resistance (amp^R) and tetracycline resistance (tet^R). These genes are used as selectable markers in gene cloning. When foreign DNA is inserted into one of these genes (e.g., the tetracycline resistance gene), the vector loses resistance to that specific antibiotic (tetracycline) while still maintaining resistance to ampicillin.