After India gained independence the manner in which our constitution was framed was to uplift all the sections of our society. This should have, made the life of advivasis easier. But the contrast happened, leading to their further exclusion. Which of the following was a major reason for this having occurred?

(A) The Government's monopoly over forest
(B) The building of dams over rivers
(C) Providing education to the tribal communities
(D) Acquisition of land for mining

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B) and (D) Only

The correct answer is Option 1: (A), (B) and (D) Only

Although the Constitution aimed at uplifting all sections of society, including Adivasis, certain state-led development activities have led to further exclusion and displacement of tribal communities. The major reasons include:

• (A) The Government's monopoly over forest – Forests, traditionally a source of livelihood for Adivasis, came under state control, restricting their access to land and resources.

• (B) The building of dams over rivers – Many large dam projects resulted in the displacement of Adivasi communities from their ancestral lands.

• (D) Acquisition of land for mining – Tribal regions, rich in minerals, were acquired for mining operations, often leading to forced displacement and environmental degradation, without fair compensation or rehabilitation.

• (C) Providing education to tribal communities – This is not a reason for exclusion; rather, it is a positive step toward inclusion and empowerment.