Which statement is correct about golden rice?

I. Golden rice is a genetically modified variety of rice.

II. It contains a substantial amount of β-carotene, which serves as a provitamin-A precursor.

III. β-carotene is a primary source of vitamin B.

IV. The grains of golden rice have a greenish color due to the presence of β-carotene.

I and II

Golden rice is a genetically modified variety of rice that has been developed to address vitamin A deficiency, which is a widespread health issue in many developing countries. The genetic modification involves introducing two foreign genes into the rice plant: one from a bacterium and another from maize.

The inserted genes enable the rice plant to produce β-carotene, a pigment responsible for the yellowish-golden color in certain fruits and vegetables. β-carotene is a provitamin-A compound, meaning it can be converted into active vitamin A by the human body.

Vitamin A is essential for maintaining healthy vision, supporting the immune system, and promoting proper growth and development. However, many regions with high rice consumption face vitamin A deficiency, leading to various health problems, including visual impairments and weakened immune systems, particularly in children.

With the introduction of β-carotene through genetic modification, golden rice becomes a valuable source of provitamin A, providing a potential solution to combat vitamin A deficiency in affected populations. By consuming golden rice, individuals can receive an additional dietary source of provitamin A, helping to improve overall health and nutrition.

Golden rice has been a subject of both scientific and ethical discussions. While it offers a promising solution to address vitamin A deficiency, concerns have been raised about genetically modified crops, including potential environmental impacts, intellectual property issues, and social and cultural considerations. Nonetheless, the development of golden rice remains a significant advancement in the field of genetic engineering and biotechnology, aiming to contribute to global food security and improve public health.