Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| A. Breed only once in their lifetime | I. Prudent |
| B. Sigmoid curve of logistic growth | II. Pacific salmon fish |
| C. Predators in nature | III. Verhulst-Pearl |
| D. Competitive Exclusion Principle | IV. Gause |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
(A) Breed only once in their lifetime — this matches (II) Pacific salmon fish. The salmon (like bamboo) breeds once and then dies, while most birds and mammals breed many times in their lives.
(B) Sigmoid curve of logistic growth — this matches (III) Verhulst-Pearl. A population with limited resources shows a lag phase, then acceleration and deceleration, and finally levels off at the carrying capacity. This S-shaped growth is called Verhulst-Pearl logistic growth.
(C) Predators in nature — this matches (I) Prudent. A predator that overexploits its prey could wipe the prey out and then die out itself for lack of food. So predators in nature do not overexploit their prey.
(D) Competitive Exclusion Principle — this matches (IV) Gause. Gause stated that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely; the weaker one is eliminated in the end.
NCERT Extract:
Life History Variation – “… Under a particular set of selection pressures, organisms evolve towards the most efficient reproductive strategy. Some organisms breed only once in their lifetime (Pacific salmon fish, bamboo) while others breed many times during their lifetime (most birds and mammals).”
Population Growth – “… A plot of N in relation to time (t) results in a sigmoid curve. This type of population growth is called Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth (Figure 11.3) …”
Population Interactions – “… If a predator is too efficient and overexploits its prey, then the prey might become extinct and following it, the predator will also become extinct for lack of food. This is the reason why predators in nature are ‘prudent’.”
Population Interactions – “… Gause’s ‘Competitive Exclusion Principle’ states that two closely related species competing for the same resources cannot co-exist indefinitely and the competitively inferior one will be eliminated eventually.”