The critical self-analysis in sociology that can show how one looks like to others and teachers how to look at oneself from the outside is called:

Self Reflexivity

The correct answer is option 1: Self Reflexivity

Sociology can show you what you look like to others; it can teach you how to look at yourself ‘from the outside’, so to speak. This is called ‘self-reflexivity’, or sometimes just reflexivity. This is the ability to reflect upon yourself, to turn back your gaze (which is usually directed outward) back towards yourself.