Match List-I with List-II
| List-I Characteristics | List-II Name |
| (A) Depends on the number of solute particles | (I) Azeotrope |
| (B) Binary mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase and boiling at constant temperature | (II) Colligative properties |
| (C) Pure solvent flows out of the solution when pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side, separated from pure solvent through a semi-permeable membrane. | (III) Isotonic solutions |
| (D) Solutions having the same osmotic pressure at a given temperature. | (IV) Reverse osmosis |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
All four terms describe the behaviour of solutions: properties that depend only on the amount of solute, mixtures that boil without changing composition, and the flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane:
(A) Depends on the number of solute particles — This matches (II) Colligative properties. Relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure depend on the number of solute particles, not on their nature.
(B) Binary mixtures having the same composition in liquid and vapour phase and boiling at constant temperature — This matches (I) Azeotrope. Because the vapour has the same composition as the liquid, the components cannot be separated by fractional distillation. Solutions with a large positive deviation from Raoult’s law form minimum boiling azeotropes (ethanol-water, about 95% ethanol); those with a large negative deviation form maximum boiling azeotropes (nitric acid-water, about 68% nitric acid).
(C) Pure solvent flows out of the solution when pressure larger than the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side, separated from pure solvent through a semi-permeable membrane. — This matches (IV) Reverse osmosis. The applied pressure reverses the natural direction of osmosis. It is used to obtain fresh water from sea water.
(D) Solutions having the same osmotic pressure at a given temperature. — This matches (III) Isotonic solutions. When such solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane, no osmosis occurs; 0.9% NaCl solution is isotonic with the fluid inside blood cells.
Shortcut: The pair (A)–(II) appears in Options (3) and (4), and (B)–(I) then leaves only Option (3).