Which religious practices developed from the second century BCE onwards?

Shaivism and goddess cults

The correct answer is Option 1 - Shaivism and goddess cults

Events in chronology:

A) Early Vedic traditions (c. 1500-1000 BCE)
B) Later Vedic traditions (c. 1000-500 BCE)
C) Early Upanishads; Jainism, Buddhism (c. sixth century BCE)
D) First stupas (c. third century BCE)
E) Development of Mahayana Buddhism, Vaishnavism, Shaivism and goddess cults (c. second century BCE onwards)
F) Earliest temples (c. third century CE)