Which term of modern production management describes a data driven approach that helps an organisation save time and money by reducing ‘quality variations’?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Six Sigma
Option (1) Kaizen — Incorrect. Kaizen is a Japanese word meaning ‘change for better’. It improves productivity as a daily activity, for example by removing activities that add cost but not value.
Option (2) Lean Manufacturing — Incorrect. Lean Manufacturing focuses on cutting seven wastes, such as overproduction, waiting time and scrap.
Option (3) Six Sigma — Correct. Six Sigma is a data driven approach. It brings down inefficiencies by reducing ‘quality variations’, so it saves time and money. Its norm is not more than 3-4 defects per million opportunities.
Option (4) Just In Time Manufacturing — Incorrect. Just In Time Manufacturing is an inventory management strategy. It cuts in-process inventory and its costs.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition):
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