Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow :-
In a given population one can find out the frequency of occurrence of alleles of a gene of a locus. This frequency is supposed to remain fixed and even remain the same through generations. Hardy Weinberg principle stated it using algebraic equations. This principle says that allele frequencies in a population are stable and is constant from generation to generation the gene pool remains a constant. This is called genetic equilibrium.

What is the expression for Hardy Weinberg equation?

p²+ q²+ 2pq= 1

The correct answer is Option (2)- p²+ q²+ 2pq= 1

The correct expression for the Hardy-Weinberg equation is:

p²+2pq+q²=1

This equation represents the genotype frequencies of a population in genetic equilibrium, where:

• p² represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA).
• q² represents the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).
• 2pqrepresents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa).

The sum of these genotype frequencies equals 1, representing the entire gene pool of the population. This equation helps predict the expected genotype frequencies under specific assumptions, such as no mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, natural selection, or random mating, as described in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.