How is high purity copper obtained?

electrolytic reduction process

The correct answer is option 3. electrolytic reduction process.

High purity copper is typically obtained through the electrolytic reduction process.

In this process:

1. Electrolysis: A solution of copper sulfate is used as an electrolyte, and pure copper serves as the cathode (negative electrode). When an electric current is passed through the electrolyte, copper ions (Cu²⁺) from the solution are attracted to the cathode and deposited onto it, gradually forming a layer of pure copper.

2. Purity Control: The conditions of the electrolysis process, including the composition of the electrolyte and the voltage applied, can be carefully controlled to ensure the deposition of high-purity copper. Impurities present in the electrolyte or introduced during the process are either left in the electrolyte or deposited as a separate layer, leaving behind a relatively pure copper deposit on the cathode.

3. Refining: Further refining steps may be employed to achieve even higher levels of purity if necessary. These steps can include processes such as electro-refining, where the deposited copper is dissolved and then redeposited under controlled conditions to remove any remaining impurities.

While other processes like carbon reduction and hydrogen reduction can also be used to obtain copper, they are typically employed for obtaining copper from its ores rather than for producing high-purity copper directly. The electrolytic reduction process is favored for its ability to produce copper of exceptional purity, making it suitable for various applications, including electronics and electrical wiring.