Arrange the following work in the field of intelligence in terms of timeline (earliest to latest).
(A) Two factor theory by Spearman
(B) PASS model by Das, Naglieri and Kirby
(C) Attempt to measure intelligence by Binet and Simon
(D) Concept of IQ proposed by William Stern.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → (C), (D), (A), (B)
(C) Attempt to measure intelligence by Binet and Simon — 1905: Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon made the first successful attempt to formally measure intelligence; in 1908 they gave the concept of mental age.
(D) Concept of IQ proposed by William Stern — 1912: the German psychologist William Stern devised the Intelligence Quotient, mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
(A) Two factor theory by Spearman — 1927: Charles Spearman used factor analysis to show that intelligence consists of a general factor (g) and specific factors (s).
(B) PASS model by Das, Naglieri and Kirby — 1994: the Planning, Attention-arousal and Simultaneous-successive model, the most recent of the four.
NCERT (2025-26): “Assessment of Intelligence … In 1905, Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon, made the first successful attempt to formally measure intelligence. In 1908, when the scale was revised, they gave the concept of Mental Age (MA), which is a measure of a person’s intellectual development relative to people of her/his age group. A mental age of 5 means that a child’s performance on an intelligence test equals the average performance level of a group of 5-year olds. Chronological Age (CA) is the biological age from birth. A bright child’s MA is more than her/his CA; for a dull child, MA is below the CA. Retardation was defined by Binet and Simon as being two mental age years below the chronological age. In 1912, William Stern, a German psychologist, devised the concept of Intelligence Quotient (IQ). IQ refers to mental age divided by chronological age, and multiplied by 100.…” “Theories of Intelligence … In 1927, Charles Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence employing a statistical method called factor analysis. He showed that intelligence consisted of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors).…” “Planning, Attention-arousal, and Simultaneous-successive (PASS) Model of Intelligence … This model has been developed by J.P. Das, Jack Naglieri, and Kirby (1994). According to this model, intellectual activity involves the interdependent functioning of three neurological systems, called the functional units of brain.…” |