Which bacteria fix the atmospheric nitrogen into organic form to be utilized by plants as nutrients?

Rhizobium

The correct answer is Option (1) → Rhizobium

Biofertilisers are organisms that enrich the nutrient quality of the soil. The main sources of biofertilisers are bacteria, fungi and cyanobacteria. The nodules on the roots of leguminous plants formed by the symbiotic association of Rhizobium. These bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms, which is used by the plant as nutrient. Other bacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen while free-living in the soil (examples Azospirillum and Azotobacter), thus enriching the nitrogen content of the soil.

Bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (often written as Bt ) is an example of microbial biocontrol agents that can be introduced to control butterfly caterpillars. These are available in sachets as dried spores which are mixed with water and sprayed onto vulnerable plants such as brassicas and fruit trees, where these are eaten by the insect larvae. In the gut of the larvae, the toxin is released and the larvae get killed.

Lactobacillus: Lactobacillus is a group of bacteria that is commonly used in the production of lactic acid through fermentation.

Clostridium butylicum: Clostridium butylicum is a bacterium used in the production of butyric acid, which has various industrial applications.