The expression 'Aya Ram, Gaya Ram' emerged in the politics of India around 1967 as a result of which of the following?

Shifting political loyalties and defections

An important aspect of post-1967 politics was the significant influence of defections in shaping the formation and dissolution of governments within various Indian states. Defection refers to the act of an elected representative leaving the political party under whose banner they were elected and subsequently affiliating with a different party. In the aftermath of the 1967 general elections, the emergence of breakaway Congress legislators played a pivotal role in the establishment of non-Congress governments in three states, namely Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. This period was marked by continuous shifts in political allegiances and affiliations, leading to the popular phrase 'Aya Ram, Gaya Ram'.