Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II

The correct answer is option 2. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II.

Let us delve into the details of each vitamin and its corresponding deficiency:

A. Vitamin D: III. Rickets: 

Vitamin D is crucial for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestines. It plays a vital role in maintaining bone health and mineralization.

Deficiency: In children, a deficiency of Vitamin D leads to rickets, a condition characterized by soft, weakened bones. This happens because insufficient Vitamin D reduces calcium and phosphorus absorption, leading to poor bone mineralization. Rickets manifests as bowed legs, a curved spine, and enlarged joints.

B. Vitamin C: IV. Scurvy:

Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein that helps maintain the skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage. It also has antioxidant properties and helps in the absorption of iron from plant-based foods.

Deficiency: Scurvy is caused by a deficiency in Vitamin C. Symptoms include bleeding gums, joint pain, and anemia. Collagen synthesis is disrupted, leading to weak connective tissues, and the small blood vessels become fragile, causing bleeding.

C. Vitamin K: I. Slow blood clotting:

Vitamin K is crucial for the synthesis of certain proteins that are required for blood clotting and bone metabolism. It helps in the formation of clotting factors in the liver, which are essential for normal blood clotting.

Deficiency: A deficiency in Vitamin K results in impaired blood clotting. This can lead to excessive bleeding or easy bruising because the body cannot produce enough clotting factors. In severe cases, it can cause internal bleeding.

D. Vitamin A: II. Night blindness:

Vitamin A is important for maintaining healthy vision, immune system function, and skin health. It is involved in the formation of visual pigments in the retina, which are essential for seeing in low light.

Deficiency: This condition occurs when Vitamin A levels are insufficient. Vitamin A is crucial for the production of rhodopsin, a pigment in the retina that is necessary for low-light (scotopic) vision. A deficiency can lead to difficulty seeing in dim light or darkness.

Summary

Vitamin D deficiency leads to rickets due to impaired calcium and phosphorus absorption, which affects bone health.

Vitamin C deficiency results in scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing due to impaired collagen synthesis.

Vitamin K deficiency causes slow blood clotting because it affects the synthesis of clotting factors.

Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness due to its role in visual pigment formation.

Thus, the correct match is option 2: A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II