Which of the following has not influenced rural to urban migration?

agricultural growth

The correct answer is Option (1) → agricultural growth

"agricultural growth" has not influenced rural to urban migration. Typically, rural to urban migration occurs due to factors such as rapid urbanization, relative anonymity in urban areas compared to close-knit rural communities, and the decline of common property resources, which can push rural inhabitants towards urban centers in search of better opportunities and living conditions. Agricultural growth, on the other hand, could potentially encourage rural residents to stay in their rural areas if it provides them with sufficient employment and income opportunities. Therefore, agricultural growth is not a direct driver of rural to urban migration.