Which of the following emerged as the most powerful of the 16 Mahajanpadas in the period around the 6th Century BCE?

Magadha

Between the sixth and the fourth centuries BCE, Magadha (in present-day Bihar) became the most powerful mahajanapada.

In early Buddhist and Jaina texts, there are references to sixteen significant states called "mahajanapadas." These lists may vary slightly, but certain names like Vajji, Magadha, Koshala, Kuru, Panchala, Gandhara, and Avanti appear frequently, indicating their importance during that time.

While the majority of mahajanapadas were under the rule of kings, some were structured as ganas or sanghas, which were oligarchies. In these states, power was shared among several individuals, often referred to collectively as "rajas." This system of governance allowed for a collective and participatory approach to leadership.