The factors that affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:
(A). Gene migration or gene flow
(B). Natural selection
(C). Mutation
(D). Genetic drift
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (B), (C) and (D)
The Hardy-Weinberg principle says that the allele frequencies of a population stay constant from one generation to the next. This state is called genetic equilibrium. Any factor that changes the allele frequencies disturbs it, and the change is evolution.
(A) Gene migration or gene flow — Correct. When individuals move from one population to another, alleles are added to one population and lost from the other. Repeated many times, this movement is gene flow.
(B) Natural selection — Correct. Individuals with useful variations survive and leave more offspring. So their alleles become more common in the next generation.
(C) Mutation — Correct. A mutation is a change in the DNA. It creates new alleles and so changes the allele frequencies.
(D) Genetic drift — Correct. Genetic drift is a change in allele frequency by chance. Its effect is strongest in small populations, for example when a few individuals start a new population (the founder effect).
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NCERT Extract:
Hardy-Weinberg Principle – …
