The factors that affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are:

(A). Gene migration or gene flow
(B). Natural selection
(C). Mutation
(D). Genetic drift

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

(A), (B), (C) and (D)

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A), (B), (C) and (D) 

The Hardy-Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or law, is a fundamental concept in population genetics that describes the conditions under which the frequency of alleles in a population remains constant and stable from generation to generation. Five factors are known to affect Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These are gene migration or gene flow, genetic drift, mutation, genetic recombination and natural selection. 

Reproduction by itself (if random and without selection) does not disturb the equilibrium — it’s assumed in the Hardy–Weinberg model.

The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is based on the following assumptions:

1. Large Population Size: The population is sufficiently large to minimize the effects of random genetic drift.
2. No Migration: There is no migration of individuals into or out of the population.
3. Random Mating: Individuals mate randomly with respect to their genotypes.
4. No Mutation: There is no new genetic variation introduced through mutation.
5. No Natural Selection: No selective forces are acting to favor specific genotypes over others.