Tuckman suggested that groups pass through 5 stages of group formatio…

NCERT (2025-26): “Stages of Group Formation … Tuckman suggested that groups pass through five developmental sequences. These are: forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning.

• When group members first meet, there is a great deal of uncertainty about the group, the goal, and how it is to be achieved. People try to know each other and assess whether they will fit in. There is excitement as well as apprehensions. This stage is called the forming stage.

• Often, after this stage, there is a stage of intragroup conflict which is referred to as storming. In this stage, there is conflict among members about how the target of the group is to be achieved, who is to control the group and its resources, and who is to perform what task. When this stage is complete, some sort of hierarchy of leadership in the group develops and a clear vision as to how to achieve the group goal.

• The storming stage is followed by another stage known as norming. Group members by this time develop norms related to group behaviour. This leads to development of a positive group identity.

• The fourth stage is performing. By this time, the structure of the group has evolved and is accepted by group members. The group moves towards achieving the group goal. For some groups, this may be the last stage of group development.

• However, for some groups, for example, in the case of an organising committee … for a school function, there may be another stage known as adjourning stage. In this stage, once the function is over, the group may be disbanded.…”