Which of the following are source of social stratification ?

(A) Caste, Class

(B) Age, Sex

(C) Race, Slavery, Ethnicity

(D) Village, Association, Community

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

(1) (B), (C), (D) only

(2) (A), (B), (C) only

(3) (A), (B), (D) only

(4) (A), (C), (D) only

2

The correct answer is: (2) (A), (B), (C) only

(A) Caste, Class (B) Age, Sex (C) Race, Slavery, Ethnicity

Sociologists use the term social stratification to refer to a system by which categories of people in a society are ranked in a hierarchy. This hierarchy then shapes people’s identity and experiences, their relations with others, as well as their access to resources and opportunities. 

(A) Caste, Class: Caste and class are significant sources of social stratification. Caste refers to the hereditary social groups into which people are born, often associated with traditional occupations and social status. Class refers to socioeconomic distinctions based on wealth, income, education, and occupation.

(B) Age, Sex: Age and sex can also be sources of social stratification. Age-based hierarchies exist in societies, with different expectations, privileges, and opportunities associated with various life stages. For example, in some cultures, older adults are given power and respect Similarly, gender-based stratification results from the unequal distribution of power, resources, and opportunities between men and women.

(C) Race, Slavery, Ethnicity: Race, slavery, and ethnicity are significant sources of social stratification. Racial hierarchies are based on perceived physical differences and often result in systemic discrimination and inequality. Slavery historically involved the ownership and exploitation of individuals based on their social status. Ethnicity refers to shared cultural characteristics and identities that can lead to social distinctions and inequalities.

Option 4 suggests that "Village, Association, Community" are sources of social stratification. However, these are not typically considered sources of social stratification. Village, association, and community are more often seen as social groupings or units within a society rather than inherent characteristics or statuses that directly lead to social stratification. While these groupings can influence social interactions, these aren't inherent sources of stratification across societies.