In random sampling, what ensures that every individual has an equal chance of being selected?

Lottery method

The correct answer is option 3: Lottery method

In random sampling, the lottery method ensures that every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. This is a key characteristic of random sampling. The lottery method, which can involve assigning numbers or using random number generators, ensures that each individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This helps to reduce bias and produce a more representative sample.

Here's why the other options are not what ensures equal chance:

    A) Convenience: Convenience sampling involves choosing readily available individuals, which can introduce bias as it doesn't guarantee everyone has an equal chance.
    B) Judgment of the researcher: This approach can be subjective and lead to bias based on the researcher's preconceived notions.
    D) Non-random selection: This is the opposite of what we're looking for. Non-random selection means individuals are not chosen with equal probability.