Practicing Success

Target Exam

CUET

Subject

Geography

Chapter

India-People and Economy: Migration Types, Causes and Consequences

Question:

Which one of the following group of countries, Indians mainly migrated in the first wave of migration as indentured labourers (sent by Britishers)?

Options:

Mauritius,Fiji,South Africa and Caribbean Islands

Mauritius,Fiji,South Africa

Mauritius, Caribbean Islands, and Fiji

Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore

Correct Answer:

Mauritius,Fiji,South Africa and Caribbean Islands

Explanation:

During colonial period (British period) millions of the indentured labourers were sent to Mauritius, Caribbean islands (Trinidad, Tobago and Guyana), Fiji and South Africa by British from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. All such migrations were covered under the time-bound contract known as Girmit Act (Indian Emigration Act). The second wave of migrants ventured out into the neighbouring countries in recent times as professionals, artisans, traders and factory workers, in search of economic opportunities to Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei and African countries, etc. and the trend still continues. There was a steady outflow of India’s semi-skilled and skilled labour in the wake of the oil boom in West Asia in the 1970s. There was also some outflow of entrepreneurs, storeowners, professionals, businessmen to Western Countries. Third wave, of migrant was comprised professionals like doctors, engineers (1960s onwards), software engineers, management consultants, financial experts, media persons (1980s onwards), and others migrated to countries such as USA, Canada, UK, Australia, New Zealand and Germany, etc. These professional enjoy the distinction of being one of highly educated, the highest earning and prospering groups. After liberalisation, in the 90s education and knowledge–based Indian emigration has made Indian Diaspora one of the most powerful diasporas in the world.