The example of Jamaicans living outside Jamaica in larger numbers than those living within Jamaica demonstrates that:

Members of a nation can belong to different states while maintaining a common national identity.

The correct answer is Option 4: Members of a nation can belong to different states while maintaining a common national identity.

Option 1: A nation must have complete control over a fixed geographical territory — Incorrect. The example of Jamaicans challenges this idea because many members of a nation may live outside the territory of their original state.

Option 2: A state can represent multiple cultural communities at a time — Incorrect. This statement is true in general, but it is not what the example of Jamaicans demonstrates. It relates more to the idea that a single state can contain different communities.

Option 3: National identity is strengthened when people migrate to another country — Incorrect. The example only shows that migration does not remove national identity; it does not claim that migration strengthens it.

Option 4: Members of a nation can belong to different states while maintaining a common national identity — Correct. The example of Jamaicans living outside Jamaica shows that people belonging to the same nation may be citizens or residents of different states while continuing to share a national identity.

NCERT: The criterion that comes closest to distinguishing a nation is the state. Unlike the other kinds of communities mentioned before, nations are communities that have a state of their own. That is why the two are joined with a hyphen to form the term nation-state. Generally speaking, in recent times there has been a one-to-one bond between nation and state (one nation, one state; one state, one nation). But this is a new development. It was not true in the past that a single state could represent only one nation, or that every nation must have its own state. For example, when it was in existence, the Soviet Union explicitly recognised that the peoples it governed were of different ‘nations’ and more than one hundred such internal nationalities were recognised. Similarly, people constituting a nation may actually be citizens or residents of different states. For example, there are more Jamaicans living outside Jamaica than in Jamaica – that is, the population of ‘non-resident’ Jamaicans exceeds that of ‘resident’ Jamaicans. A different example is provided by ‘dual citizenship’ laws. These laws allow citizens of a particular state to also – simultaneously – be citizens of another state. Thus, to cite one instance, Jewish Americans may be citizens of Israel as well as the USA; they can even serve in the armed forces of one country without losing their citizenship in the other country.