Which of the following principles primarily forms the basis of the hierarchical ordering of castes in the traditional caste system?

Purity and Pollution.

The correct answer is Option 1: Purity and pollution.

The traditional caste hierarchy is primarily based on the distinction between ritual purity and pollution. Castes regarded as ritually pure occupy a higher position in the social hierarchy, while those considered less pure or ritually polluting occupy lower positions. This principle forms the basis of the hierarchical ordering of castes.