Theoretically, the caste system can be understood as the combination of two sets of principles, one based on difference and separation and the other on wholism and hierarchy. Each caste is supposed to be different from – and is therefore strictly separated from – every other caste.

What is the primary principle operates as the basis for the hierarchic separation of different castes?

Purity and Pollution. Right and Wrong. Forward and Backward. Traditional and Modern.

Purity and Pollution.

The hierarchical ordering of castes is based on the distinction between ‘purity.’ and ‘pollution’. This is a division between something believed to be closer to the sacred (thus connoting ritual purity), and something believed to be distant from or opposed to the sacred,