Match List-I with List-II.
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| (A) Rectification | (I) A very small reverse current that stays almost constant as the bias changes |
| (B) Filtering | (II) Restricting an ac voltage to one direction |
| (C) Reverse saturation current | (III) The reverse bias voltage at which the reverse current rises sharply |
| (D) Breakdown voltage | (IV) Removing the ac ripple to give a nearly steady dc voltage |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
(A) Rectification — This matches (II). A diode passes current in one direction only, so the ac voltage is restricted to one direction.
(B) Filtering — This matches (IV). The rectified output is still pulsating. A capacitor or an inductor removes the ac ripple and gives a nearly steady dc voltage.
(C) Reverse saturation current — This matches (I). In reverse bias, only a very small current flows, and it hardly changes as the bias is changed.
(D) Breakdown voltage — This matches (III). At this critical reverse bias, the reverse current suddenly becomes large.
NCERT (2026-27):
Summary – “14. Diodes can be used for rectifying an ac voltage (restricting the ac voltage to one direction). …”
Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier – “… Since these additional circuits appear to filter out the ac ripple and give a pure dc voltage, so they are called filters.”
p-n junction diode under reverse bias – “For the diode in reverse bias, the current is very small (~μA) and almost remains constant with change in bias. It is called reverse saturation current. …”
p-n junction diode under reverse bias – “The current under reverse bias is essentially voltage independent upto a critical reverse bias voltage, known as breakdown voltage (Vbr). When V = Vbr, the diode reverse current increases sharply. …”