Assertion: The density of population is a crude measure of human and land relationship.

Reasoning: To get a better insight into the human-land ratio in terms of pressure of population on total cultivable land, the physiological and the agricultural densities should be found out.

Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

The correct answer is option 1: Both Assertion (A) and reasoning (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

Assertion: The density of population is a crude measure of human and land relationship. This statement is correct because arithmetic density only shows the number of people living per unit area of land and does not provide detailed information about pressure on cultivable land.

Reasoning: To get a better insight into the human-land ratio in terms of pressure of population on total cultivable land, the physiological and the agricultural densities should be found out. This statement is also correct because physiological and agricultural densities give a more accurate picture of population pressure on agricultural land.

Why Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A): The Assertion says that population density is a crude measure. The Reason explains this by showing that arithmetic density alone is insufficient and that better measures such as physiological and agricultural density are needed for deeper understanding. Thus, the Reason directly justifies why arithmetic density is called a crude measure.

NCERT: "The density of population is a crude measure of human and land relationship. To get a better insight into the human-land ratio in terms of pressure of population on total cultivable land, the physiological and the agricultural densities should be found out which are significant for a country like India having a large agricultural population."