Read the passage and answer the questions given below it.
Around 1450, in the German city of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg began printing with movable metal type. Until then a book had to be copied by hand, often by a scribe who worked on it for months, and its price was prohibitive for anyone outside a monastery, a court or a rich household. By the mid-1450s Gutenberg’s workshop had finished a Bible. Within fifty years presses were at work in cities across Europe, and books became much cheaper and more numerous.
It is tempting to conclude that the press turned people into readers. What it did was narrower. A cheap book is of no use to someone who was never taught letters, and schooling did not spread at the speed of print. For generations most people still could not read. What changed first was what there was to read. Printers had stock to sell, so they turned more and more from Latin to the languages people spoke at home, and short pamphlets carried arguments well beyond the scholars who had once kept them among themselves. In the religious quarrels that followed Martin Luther’s protest in 1517, such pamphlets were read aloud to crowds, and many in those crowds had never held a book.
Who owned the presses mattered just as much, since a press prints whatever its owner chooses. In 1556 Jesuit priests brought a press to Goa, the first in India, and used it mainly for religious works. In Europe, rulers and churches soon learned to license printers and to ban books they disliked. Catholic books came to carry the Latin word imprimatur, ‘let it be printed’, as proof that a church official had allowed them.
It can be inferred from the passage that, in the quarrels after 1517, a person who could not read:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → could still follow the arguments that printed pamphlets carried
The passage shows that print could reach people who could not read it themselves.
- A pamphlet is a short, thin printed booklet. The passage says such pamphlets “carried arguments well beyond the scholars”.
- In the quarrels after Luther’s protest in 1517, they “were read aloud to crowds”, and many in those crowds “had never held a book”.
- So a person who could not read could still hear and follow these arguments.
Why the Other Options are Incorrect?
Option 1: learnt to read quickly once printed books became cheap — Incorrect. Contradicted: The passage says schooling did not spread at the speed of print. For generations most people still could not read.
Option 2: had no contact with printed words until schools reached his village — Incorrect. Contradicted: People who could not read heard pamphlets read aloud. So they met printed words without any schooling.
Option 3: relied on Latin-reading scholars to explain what the pamphlets said — Incorrect. Contradicted: The pamphlets took arguments “well beyond the scholars”. They were read aloud straight to the crowds.