Ethanol is obtained commercially by:

Fermentation

The correct answer is Option (3) – Fermentation

Ethanol is obtained commercially by: Fermentation

Explanation:

• Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is commonly produced commercially through the process of fermentation.
• Fermentation involves the conversion of sugars (usually derived from plants like sugarcane, corn, or grains) into ethanol by the action of yeast or bacteria.
• During fermentation, the microorganisms break down the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
• Once the fermentation process is complete, the ethanol-containing mixture is typically subjected to distillation to purify and concentrate the ethanol.

While distillation is often involved in the purification step, the primary method for obtaining ethanol on a commercial scale is fermentation.